When Black and White Turns Gray Navigating the Ethical Challenges of Implementing Shared Infant Feeding Decisions for Persons Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States - Peeref (2025)

Summary: EEG is a valuable objective biomarker for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, assisting in severity assessment, treatment guidance, seizure detection, and outcome prediction. Promising qEEG biomarkers and advanced ML techniques have alleviated the challenges in neonatal EEG interpretation for nonexperts. Some of these innovations have been implemented in NICUs, and further advancements in artificial intelligence for automated and continuous EEG interpretation in neonates with HIE are expected.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2024)

Summary: The environment in healthcare facilities poses a significant risk for HAIs, with potential reservoirs including water, surfaces, and medical devices. Infants in the NICU are particularly vulnerable to opportunistic infections due to environmental exposures, and healthcare personnel must understand these reservoirs and how to prevent exposure.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2025)

Summary: Early recognition of sepsis in critically ill infants remains a significant challenge in neonatology. Physiological markers combined with machine learning approaches can improve algorithm accuracy, but barriers exist. Focusing on human-centered design and integrating early warning systems with clinical work systems can facilitate successful implementation. Additionally, ethical and equitable development of algorithms is crucial.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2025)

Summary: This review explores the complex interactions between various maternal microbiomes and their impact on preterm birth. It also discusses the dynamics of oral, gastrointestinal, placental, and vaginal microbiomes and their roles in the pathogenesis of PTB, highlighting the relationship between vaginal microbiome and PTB, including the protective role of Lactobacillus species, the increased risk with specific anaerobes, and the influence of social health determinants on vaginal microbial communities.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2024)

Summary: This review shows that recruitment challenges limit the ability to draw conclusions about the efficacy and safety of iNO - adjunctive pulmonary vasodilator therapy for PPHN. The results show the complexity of recruiting critically ill neonates with a rare disease. Overcoming these barriers is ethically necessary. The authors suggest that a PPHN consortium can address the heterogeneity of eligibility criteria and outcomes, and alternative trial design strategies are needed, such as deferred consent, real - world controls, non - randomized database evaluations, and Bayesian statistical approaches.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2024)

Summary: This passage mainly introduces the common consequences, pathogenesis, diagnosis methods and the importance of longitudinal assessment of acute neonatal pulmonary hypertension.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2024)

Summary: PH is a crucial factor in the management and outcomes of infants with CDH. Respiratory management interacts with cardiopulmonary circulation and hemodynamics. The types and combinations of cardiac dysfunction affect the clinical condition, and future studies should evaluate optimal strategies based on findings, prenatal and postnatal interventions, and their impact on short-term, long-term, and family-driven outcomes.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2024)

Summary: Long-term prognosis of HIE is poor, and long-term studies are needed to understand the morbidity and disease spectrum. In the cooling era, attention should be paid to long-term neurodevelopment, and more data on mild cases are needed. In addition, it remains challenging to identify and define HIE in preterm infants, and the outcomes of preterm infants exposed to perinatal HI, especially those less than 32 weeks, need further evaluation.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2024)

Summary: This text introduces that more than 16 million children worldwide are perinatally exposed to HIV, and CHEU children face health challenges such as adverse neonatal outcomes, increased infectious morbidity, growth retardation, and poor neurodevelopment. The etiology may be multifactorial, including exposure to the virus itself or antiretroviral therapy, as well as the complex psychosocial environment. Interventions should prioritize optimizing perinatal HIV care and creating a safe environment. A comprehensive package of care that combines general and HIV care is the ideal choice for promoting optimal child outcomes.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2024)

Summary: LOS causes neonatal morbidity and mortality, and clinicians should consider multiple factors when evaluating and treating.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2025)

Summary: This passage mainly discusses the role of transplacental antibody transfer in protecting neonates from diseases and the importance of maternal immunization. It also mentions the benefits of some vaccinations and the evidence of the efficacy of vaccines against other pathogens.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2025)

Summary: DLD is a rare genetic syndrome that mainly presents in the neonatal period with various clinical manifestations. Identifying and accurately diagnosing DLD requires advanced resources and expertise. For infants with refractory PPHN, treatment in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit and rapid genetic testing and possibly lung biopsy should be prioritized. For neonates with treatable PPHN, echocardiographic evaluation of pulmonary hypertension should be performed before and possibly after discharge. The management of such infants should ideally be conducted or coordinated by a multidisciplinary team in a center with extended diagnostic resources and appropriate expertise. Exciting preclinical work in basic science may lead to more precise interventions to improve outcomes.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2024)

Summary: Inflammation plays a crucial role in injury and repair after HI, and inflammatory challenges often co-occur with HI. Preclinical studies show that neural damage is exacerbated after HI in the presence of pre-existing inflammation, and therapeutic hypothermia may be ineffective for neural injury associated with inflammation and HI. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agents have neuroprotective effects for inflammation-sensitized HI, but the start time of treatment is relatively early. Future studies are needed to assess whether these treatments are still beneficial with a clinically realistic delay and whether they have an additive neuroprotective effect with therapeutic hypothermia.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2024)

Summary: COOLPRIME's design can address the issue of mild HIE hypothermia treatment and fill the knowledge gap. If it is effective, TH will be promoted to improve the treatment outcome; if not, cooling treatment will be stopped. The effect size of the high-risk subgroup will also be determined. This has a direct and immediate relevance to the public health of the mild HIE children population.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2024)

Summary: Managing pediatric HIV requires consistent and timely ART, recent advancements have improved quality of life, but challenges remain, and comprehensive efforts, continued research, and advocacy are crucial.

CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY (2024)